Prevalencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis en un grupo de pacientes con aparatología fija de ortodoncia / Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in a group of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

Introducción: existen diversos patógenos que pueden afectar no sólo la salud periodontal, sino también la salud general de los pacientes. Objetivo: determinar la Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) en el primer molar superior derecho de adolescentes, de entre 12 y 18 años, con al menos un mes de tratamiento de ortodoncia con aparatología fija. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal de casos en un grupo de 26 adolescentes con tratamiento de ortodoncia, compuesto de brackets metálicos, tubos o bandas, arcos NiTi termoactivos, módulos, cadenas o ligaduras; sin importar sexo, edad, tiempo de tratamiento o maloclusión. Se formaron dos pares de grupos 1 y 2 (15 mujeres y 11 hombres), A y B (13 mujeres y 13 hom- bres) comparando los resultados obtenidos entre los grupos. Resulta- dos: dentro del grupo 1 y 2 la detección molecular de microorganismos arroja que 80% fueron positivas a la PG, 58.33% presenta maloclusión y en promedio 89% de las pacientes son positivas a PG. La detección molecular del grupo A y B indica que 54.54% fueron positivos a PG, mientras que 83.3% presenta maloclusión y en promedio 47% son positivos a PG. Conclusión: la explicación de los eventos moleculares que se desencadenan en la cavidad oral y los sistemas afectados por PG contribuyen a la prevención de complicaciones al tener una mejor comprensión de los fenómenos infecciosos (AU)

Introduction: there are various pathogens that can affect not only periodontal health, but also the general health of patients. Objective: to determine Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) in the upper right first molar of adolescents, between 12 and 18 years old, with at least one month of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Material and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study of cases was carried out in a group of 26 adolescents with orthodontic treatment, consisting of metal brackets, tubes or bands, thermoactive NiTi archwires, modules, chains or ligatures; regardless of sex, age, treatment time or malocclusion. Two pairs of groups 1 and 2 (15 women and 11 men), A and B (13 women and 13 men) were formed, comparing the results obtained between the groups. Results: within group 1 and 2, the molecular detection of microorganisms shows that 80% were positive for PG, 58.33% presented malocclusion and an average of 89% of patients were positive for PG. The molecular detection of group A and B indicates that 54.54% were positive for PG while 83.3% presented malocclusion and on average 47% were positive for PG. Conclusion: the explanation of the molecular events that are triggered in the oral cavity and the systems affected by PG contribute to the prevention of complications by having a better understanding of the infectious phenomena (AU)

Effectiveness of Oral Hygiene Instruction on the Periodontal Health Among Adults: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT@#Oral health professionals frequently provide oral hygiene instruction (OHI) during dental visits, yet the evidence for its effectiveness is inconclusive. The main objective of this study was to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of various oral hygiene teaching approaches on periodontal health in adults. The study searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases for reports published between January 2000 and June 2020 in the English language. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by two authors. Overall, five reports met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The heterogeneity of outcome measurements across studies did not allow for direct comparison. Verbal and brochures were among the methods used in the studies. OHI was found to have short-term (up to 13 weeks) effects on dental plaque levels and/or gingiva bleeding. No significant differences were noted among the different oral hygiene methods affecting periodontal health. There is evidence that OHI is effective in reducing plaque and gingival bleeding scores in adult individuals, but it is still unclear if the effect continues beyond 13 weeks. No single method can be highlighted as the best medium of instruction.

Research progress on micro-osteoperforation-assisted orthodontic treatment / 口腔疾病防治

@#As a minimally invasive procedure, micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) achieve desired therapeutic effect with minimal surgical intervention. The operation is relatively simple, and the effect of assisted orthodontic treatment is obvious. However, due to the lack of long-term follow-up studies, there is no unified consensus on the long-term stability of the procedure. This article reviews the research status of MOPs, biological and biomechanical mechanisms, clinical applications and limitations. MOPs can shorten orthodontic treatment time and accelerate tooth movement by exerting regional acceleratory phenomena (RAP). At the same time, this procedure will not damage the health of the periodontal tissue, and the postoperative bleeding and postoperative reaction are minor. In addition, the pain and discomfort of patients were relatively mild and acceptable. However, it also has limitations, mainly including the limited time of the RAP effect of MOPs. Although this procedure is a minimally invasive surgery, there is still a risk of treating regional bone defects. At present, it is still necessary to increase the sample size and extend the follow-up time to evaluate the long-term stability of MOPs.

Fundamentos teóricos de la preparación del estudiante de Estomatología en función de la educación para la salud bucal periodontal / Theoretical foundations of the dentistry students preparation in terms of education for the periodontal oral health

RESUMEN Introducción: La aspiración de egresar un estomatólogo general suficientemente preparado para resolver los problemas de salud bucal periodontal más generales y prevalentes es una exigencia social que se revela en el actual plan de estudio de la carrera de Estomatología. Objetivo: Elaborar unos referentes teóricos de la preparación del estudiante de Estomatología en función de la educación para la salud bucal periodontal. Método: De enero a julio de 2020, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre el tema a través de una búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, REDALYC, Scopus). Se sistematizaron referentes teóricos que sustentan la preparación del estudiante de Estomatología en función de la educación para la salud bucal periodontal. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la necesidad de esta preparación dada su implicación en el modo de actuación profesional para una Atención Bucal Periodontal Integral. Las bases para esta finalidad emergen de la conjugación armoniosa de referentes filosóficos, sociológicos, legales, psicológicos, pedagógicos y didácticos en función de la práctica de la profesión.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim to graduate a general dentist with a high standard in knowledge to solve the most general and prevalent periodontal oral health issues is a social demand that is revealed in the current study program of dentistry major. Objective: To elaborate some theoretical references concerning dentistry student preparation in terms of education for periodontal oral health. Method: From January to July 2020, at the Facultad de Estomatología in the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantanamo, a narrative review on the subject was carried out through a search in electronic databases (Virtual Health Library, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, REDALYC, Scopus). It was systematized all the theoretical references that support the preparation of the dentistry students in terms of education for periodontal oral health. Conclusions: It is evident the necessity of this type of training due to its implication in the way to the best professional performance for an integral oral care. The foundations for achieving this goal emerge from the harmonious conjugation of philosophical, sociological, legal, psychological, pedagogical and didactic referents, in accordance to the practice of the profession.

Percepción de pacientes respecto a la enfermedad periodontal en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Julio Antonio Mella, Guantánamo / Perception of patients about periodontal disease at the Julio Antonio Mella Teaching Stomatological Clinic, Guantanamo

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades periodontales son un problema de salud bucal, y para prevenirlas es esencial el cuidado de las encías. Objetivo: Precisar la percepción de pacientes afectados sobre esta enfermedad para sustentar la sistematización de las bases teóricas dirigidas a la preparación de estudiantes de Estomatología y estomatólogos generales integrales en formación respecto al tema. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente "Julio Antonio Mella" adscrita la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo. Se encuestaron 25 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad periodontal para indagar su percepción sobre la enfermedad. Los resultados se resumieron mediante frecuencias absolutas y se expresaron mediante tablas. Resultados: Lo más común es que los pacientes revelaran una opinión desfavorable en relación con los temas: expresión de una empobrecida educación sobre esta enfermedad (n=22), actitud insuficiente para el autocuidado de las encías (n=22) e Insatisfacciones con las acciones educativas en función de su prevención (n=14). Conclusiones: Los pacientes revelan una inadecuada percepción de la enfermedad periodontal lo que sustenta la sistematización de las bases teóricas para la comprensión de la necesidad de desarrollar en ellos una cultura del cuidado de las encías por una salud periodontal. Además, se reitera el valor del estomatólogo, la familia, la escuela, los medios y la comunidad como agentes sociales responsable de la educación de la población en función de la prevención de las enfermedades periodontales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Periodontal diseases are caused by an inadequate oral health, and to prevent them, gum care is essential. Objective: To specify the perception of affected patients about this disease in order to support the systematization of the theoretical bases directed to the preparation in the subject of students of stomatology and comprehensive general stomatologists in training. Method: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Stomatological Teaching Clinic "Julio A. Mella", a branch of the University of Medical Sciences of Guantanamo. Twenty-five patients with diagnosis of periodontal disease were surveyed to as cert a in their perception of the disease. The results were summarized by means of absolute frequencies and expressed in tables. Results: it was common that patients revealed an un favor able opinion regarding the following topics: absolute lack of knowledge about this disease (n=22), insufficient posture of the patients about gum self-care (n=22) and dissatisfaction with educational actions in terms of prevention (n=14). Conclusions: Patients reveal an inadequate perception of periodontal disease which supports the systematization of the theoretical bases for the understanding of the need to develop in them a culture of gum care for a good periodontal health. Furthermore, the value of the stomatologist, the family, the school, the media and the community as social agents responsible for the education of the population in terms of the prevention of periodontal diseases is reiterated.

Correlation of periodontal parameters to various types of smokeless tobacco in tobacco pouch keratosis patients: A cross-sectional study

Background: Tobacco practice in relation with oral diseases is a foremost cause for the global oral disease burden and is accountable for up to 50% of all periodontitis cases among adults. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the local effects of various types of smokeless tobacco on periodontal health in tobacco pouch keratosis (TPK) patients in Mangalore city in the state of Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A total of 345 TPK patients were evaluated of which all were smokeless tobacco users. All the patients were clinically examined for different clinical periodontal parameters such as stains, gingival recession (GR), periodontal pocket, furcation involvement, and mobility and local effects of various types of smokeless tobacco on periodontal health in TPK sites were recorded. Results: The prevalence of GR was of 87.5%. Haathichaap was the most common smokeless tobacco used (35.9%) closely followed by nonpackaged type (loose tobacco) (19.4%). This was followed by Madhu (14.2%). Likewise, periodontal parameters were observed more in these patients in decreasing order. Conclusion: The results of the present study agree strongly with other smokeless tobacco user studies in terms of the strong association between GR and smokeless tobacco placement. The present cross-sectional study indicates that TPK lesions are positively associated with periodontal diseases. It is important to raise awareness of both oral cancer and periodontal risks and inform about its possible health consequences thereby working towards an improvement of oral and general health and related quality of life in these patients

Influencing factors of functional orthopedic appliances on skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion in adolescents / 口腔疾病防治

@#Functional orthodontics is one of the most important methods in the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion in adolescents. A deep understanding of the many factors affecting the effect of functional orthopedics can improve the efficiency of correction and achieve good results. In this paper, from the two aspects of patients and appliances, we analyzed the factors that affect the curative effect of class II malocclusion functional orthopedics and deeply analyzed the therapeutic mechanism of functional appliances to guide clinical treatment. The results of the literature review show that the peak period of growth and development is the best period for the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. For patients with a vertical growth type, it is recommended to use a high head cap traction appliance to prevent the lower jaw from rotating backward and downward, and functional appliances such as titanium plates or implant nail-assisted anchorage can effectively reduce the lip inclination of the lower anterior teeth. In addition, compared with the traditional functional appliance, digital and personalized transparent braces are not only more aesthetically pleasing, comfortable and beneficial to periodontal health but also have many orthopedic appliances advantages, such as two-stage fusion, better incisor torque and vertical control of the posterior teeth, and can solve the problems of anterior interference and lateral deficiency while leading. With the development of digital orthodontics, transparent appliances have become an important developmental direction for functional appliances, but there are few related studies, and more clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.

Periodontal Health of Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in a Northeast Peninsular Malaysia Tertiary Hospital

@#Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with periodontal disease due to its hyperinflammatory state. Limited studies have explored the prevalence of periodontal disease among CKD patients in Malaysia. Objective: To assess the periodontal status of pre-dialysis CKD patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: A total of 46 pre-dialysis CKD patients who attended the nephrology clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia were enrolled in this study. Periodontal examination was performed using the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and plaque index. Results: The majority of the CKD patients were Malay (95.7%) and 80.4% were males. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 years. Using PPD measurement, 37 (74.0%) of the patients had mild periodontitis, 9 (20.0%) had moderate periodontitis and 3 (6.0%) had no periodontitis. Based on CAL measurement, 12 (26%) patients had mild periodontitis, 29 (63.0%) had moderate periodontitis and 5 (11%) had severe periodontitis. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) value of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis by PPD measurement were 4.26 (0.26) and 5.24 (0.36), respectively. The mean of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis by CAL measurement were 2.66 (0.62) and 4.98 (0.73), respectively. There was no correlation between the periodontal parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate (PPD: r = −0.160, P = 0.914; CAL: r = −0.135, P = 0.372; plaque index: r = 0.005, P = 0.974). Conclusion: This study revealed a greater prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis among CKD patients. Thus, the periodontal health of CKD patients’ needs to be screened and monitored.

Assessment of Cases of Peri- Implantitis- A Clinical Study

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate peri- implantitis around dental implants. Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients of both genders with 90 dental implants. Pocket depth (PD) around the implant and around the teeth adjacent to the implant was calculated. Gingival recession (GR) was calculated. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) was calculated by adding GR and PD. Intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) were taken to evaluate peri- implantitis. Results: Out of 60 patients, males were 35 and females were 25. In 35 males, 45 dental implant and in 25 females, 45 dental implants were present. The mean probing depth (PD) around implant was 4.26± 1.20 and adjacent teeth was 3.40± 1.32. The difference was significant (P- 0.01). Gingival recession (GR) around implants was 0.56± 0.98 and adjacent teeth was 0.86± 1.35 (P- 0.02). Clinical attachment loss (CAL) found to be 4.26± 1.32 around implant, 4.03± 1.32 around adjacent teeth. The difference was non- significant (P- 0.07). Conclusion: Periodontal diseases affect the outcome of dental implant treatment. Thus periodontal status should be healthy especially in the region adjacent to implant site.

Periodontal health status among HIV-seropositive pregnant women

Aims and Objective: Routine oral health care is essential for those living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, especially in pregnant women. Hormonal changes during pregnancy, immunosupression in HIV along with bacterial load in periodontal infections strongly influence the pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal health status in HIV seropositive pregnant women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: This study includes a sample of 90 divided into three groups; HIV seropositive pregnant women (group PH; n = 30), HIV seropositive nonpregnant women (group H; n = 30), and healthy pregnant women without HIV infection (group P; n = 30). Clinical examination includes the recording of probing depths (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and periodontal screening and recording index (PSR) were assessed in three groups. Statistical analysis was done by Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon paired test using the software SPSS version 17. Results: Clinical parameters do not show any significant variation between the three groups. But slightly higher mean PD and CAL levels was observed in HIV seropositive pregnant and nonpregnant women compared with healthy pregnant women without HIV infection. About 13% of severe gingivitis cases were observed in HIV seropositive pregnant group compared with 6% in HIV seropositive and 3% in healthy pregnant group. Conclusions: Presence of slightly higher percentage of severe gingivitis in HIV seropositive pregnant women strengthens the fact of extra need for preventive oral health services during the prenatal period and provides recommendations for promoting maternal oral health in regional antiretroviral therapy centers in India.

Influence of Smokeless Tobacco on Periodontal Health Status in Local Population of North India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: In addition to smoking, smokeless tobacco hasalso evidently shown its effect on various oral tissues.Smokeless tobacco products have been in existence forthousands of years among populations in South America andSoutheast Asia in varied forms.Methodology: This cross-sectional study investigated theeffect of commonly used smokeless tobacco on periodontalhealth in local population of nearby villages of Air Force StationBakshi Ka Talab, U.P., India, for which 2045 individuals[males=1455 (71%), females=590 (28.9%)] were evaluated.Results: Maximum incidence of smokeless tobaccoconsumption was observed in the age group 21–30 years(39.4%), whereas minimum consumption was observed in theage group 10–20 years (7.5%). The peak smokeless tobaccoconsumption was observed between the ages 21 and 40 years.Recording of oral hygiene measures included in this studyshowed majority of subjects (n=1961) used tooth brushing asthe oral hygiene measure, while some used datoon (n=30;1.5%) for cleaning their teeth and others used their finger(n=54; 2.6%) with or without tooth powder.Conclusion: This study conclude that, PPD were significantlyhigher statistically amongst longer duration (>5 years)smokeless tobacco users as compared to non-tobacco users.

Biologic Width – Considering Periodontium in Restorative Dentistry

A satisfactory understanding of the relationship betweenperiodontal tissues and restorative dentistry is supreme tosafeguard satisfactory form, function, esthetics, and comfortof the teeth and its supporting structures. The tooth and itssupporting structures shall be considered as one biologic unit.Most of the dental surgeons are not aware of the importantrelationship, specific concepts such as biologic width, itsmaintenance and applications of crown lengthening in casesof biologic width violation. In the case of extensive caries,sub-gingival perforation and post and core placement inendodontic therapy, the concept of biologic width gains itsimportance. Biologic width is essential for the preservationof periodontium, which ultimately decides the success ofrestorative procedures. This article reviews the anatomy,categories, evaluation, violation, methods to correct theviolation of biologic width and its relationship to periodontalhealth and restorative dentistry.

Relationship between HIV/AIDS and periodontal health status among population at high risk of HIV/AIDS

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> In 2017, there were sixty people who identified themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender/ transsexual (LGBT) people in Sememi Public Health Center, and seven of them were known to be people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). People who are at high risk for HIV infection, especially the LGBT people and Female Sex Workers, are at even greater risk of developing a number of severe periodontal diseases. Periodontal problems, such as periodontitis, in HIV patients, are more severe and occur more frequently than uninfected patients. However, data on dental visit in Sememi Public Health Center as the primary health center in Sememi district is still limited, and there is still no data regarding periodontal health status among HIV patients.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between HIV/AIDS and periodontal health status among the population who are at high risk of HIV/AIDS in Sememi Public Health Center area.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was determined using a total sampling technique and came up with 30 participants.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Population with a high risk of HIV/AIDS in Sememi Health Center area in Surabaya City has poor periodontal status, due to a large number of bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth, and loss of attachment (LOA). There is no significant difference between BOP results and pocket depth between the HIV and non-HIV groups. But a significant difference was found between LOA in the HIV and non-HIV groups. On the contrary, we found that there is no significant relationship between HIV/AIDS and xerostomia in this study.</p>

Influence of the SmartClip self-ligating bracket on plaque control in orthodontic patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the influence of the SmartClip self-ligating bracket and traditional metal bi-wing brackets on plaque control and to provide a reference for the oral healthcare of orthodontic patients.@*Methods@#The patients were divided into the SmartClip self-ligating bracket group, the metal bi-wing bracket group, and the control group, consisting of untreated volunteers, and the patients were examined before treatment, 1 month after the treatment started, 3 months after the treatment started, and when the treatment ended. The oral hygiene status was recorded at four time points, and the plaque index of the following six teeth was compared among the time points: the upper-right central incisor (UR1), the lower-left central incisor (LL1), the upper-right first molar (UR6), the lower-left first molar (LL6), and the upper left canine (UL3) and the lower-right canine (LR3).@*Results@#Compared with before treatment, after first month, third month and end of treatment the plaque index of LL1, LR3, LL6 and UR6 in both the SmartClip self-ligating bracket group and the traditional metal bi-wing bracket group was increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PLI index between the end of treatment and 3 months after orthodontic treatment (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in PLI index in the control group at each time period (P > 0.05). After three months of orthodontic treatment, the plaque index of LL1 and LR3 in the SmartClip self-ligating bracket group was higher than that in the traditional metal bi-wing bracket group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Lower anterior and posterior areas are susceptible to plaque accumulation in treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. The SmartClip self-ligating bracket system has no advantage over the traditional metal bi-wing bracket in terms of oral hygiene.

Effect observation of onlays on the posterior teeth with subgingival defects after deep margin elevation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Objective To evaluate the effect of repairing posterior teeth with subgingival defects with onlays after deep margin elevation and to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods @#Eighty-six cases of posterior teeth with subgingival defects were treated with resin filling to elevate the subgingival margin to the superior gingival margin and were then restored with onlays of cast porcelain. Patients were followed up at 1 week, 6 months and 12 months. The wear and tear of the restorations, fractures of the restorations, loss of the restorations, marginal closeness, marginal staining, secondary caries and gingival health were examined. Assessment of efficacy with reference to American public health service standards was conducted.@*Results @#One week after the operation, there was no loss of follow-up. Eighty-six cases of onlays had no prosthetic wear, prosthetic fracture, prolapse of the prosthesis, edge adhesion, edge coloration, secondary caries, etc., and the gums were healthy. At 6 months after surgery, 2 patients were lost to follow-up and 4 of the remaining 84 onlays were detached. After re-adhesion, there was no shedding. At 12 months after surgery, 5 cases were lost to follow-up and 81 cases of onlays demonstrated no further prosthetic wear, prosthetic fracture, prolapse of the prosthesis, edge adhesion, edge coloration, secondary caries, etc., and the gums were healthy. The success rate after 12 months of repair was 95.1% (77/81).Conclusion For posterior teeth with a subgingival defect, onlays of cast porcelain have the advantages of a high success rate, co@*Conclusion@# For posterior teeth with a subgingival defect, onlays of cast porcelain have the advantages of a high success rate, convenient clinical operation and no influence on periodontal health to restore posterior teeth after deep margin elevation.

Elucidating the relationship of gingivitis and dental calculus with the periodontal health of 12-year-old children / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate factors related to the periodontal health of 12-year-old children.METHODS: In 2015, the Korean Children's Oral Health Survey from the Ministry of Health & Social Welfare conducted a nationwide representative sample comprised of 23,702 12-year-old children. The calibration-trained dentists examined the gingivitis and dental calculus of the children taking into consideration of the Löe and Silness gingival index to diagnose gingivitis with a modified gingivitis scale. We used questionnaires to collect data from the children on dental treatments, the experience of dental pain and gingival bleeding, self-perceived oral health, and oral health behaviors. Data were analyzed using a complex samples Chi-square test, general linear model, and logistic regression. Significance was determined at P < 0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of gingivitis was higher among males (OR 1.57), among children with poor perception (OR 1.19), dental calculus (OR 3.68), or gingival bleeding experience (OR 2.00), and among children not using dental floss (OR 1.69) or tongue cleaner (OR 1.90). The prevalence of dental calculus was higher among children with gingivitis (OR 3.82) and among children who had not visited a dental clinic in the preceding year (OR 1.31). However, dental calculus was lower among children with a higher frequency of daily toothbrushing (OR 0.75), intake of cariogenic foods (OR 0.90), or a higher DMFT index (OR 0.91).CONCLUSIONS: Children with dental calculus and gingival bleeding who did not visit a dental clinic in the preceding year also had a higher prevalence of gingivitis and dental calculus. The prevalence of children's dental calculus was lower among children with a high frequency of daily toothbrushing.

Periodontal health awareness among students of professional colleges in Karachi

The purpose of the study was to check the awareness of periodontal health among the students of professional colleges in Karachi. This survey was conducted from June 2018 to September 2018. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 students. A structured questionnaire was administered through convenience sampling to medical, engineering, business college students. The results of the questionnaire were calculated and analyzed via the SPSS software version 20.

Periodontal health knowledge and awareness among subjects with fixed orthodontic appliance

Abstract Objective: To report on periodontal health knowledge and awareness among orthodontic patients and to investigate the effect of age, attitude and duration of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health awareness among orthodontic patients. Methods: A total of 297 orthodontics patient (90 males, 207 females) with mean age of 17.7 ± 5.0 years (older then 18 years = 119, 18 years or younger = 178) were included in this study. Subjects were currently wearing upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances for an mean period of 12.55 ± 10.86 months (less than or equal to 18 months = 231, more than 18 months = 66). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire (demographic characteristics, subjects' awareness toward their periodontal health, periodontal knowledge among orthodontic patient and patients' attitude toward orthodontic treatment regarding periodontal health) and clinical periodontal examination. Results: Periodontal knowledge was poor among orthodontic patients in relation to dental plaque. Only 24 subjects (8%) correctly answered knowledge-related questions. Adult orthodontic patients reported negative attitude toward fixed orthodontic treatment in respect to periodontal health (p<0.001). Duration of orthodontic treatment negatively affected subjects' attitude toward fixed orthodontic treatment (p<0.01). The majority of subjects were in the high level of awareness group (64%). Orthodontic patients' awareness toward their periodontal health during fixed orthodontic treatment was affected by attitude scores (p=0.005), number of teeth with gingival recession (p=0.041), Gingival Index (p=0.000), duration of treatment (p=0.047) and age (p=0.008). Conclusions: Periodontal health knowledge among orthodontic patients was poor. Orthodontic patients' awareness of their periodontal health was moderate and was affected by age, attitude and duration of orthodontic treatment.

Resumo Objetivo: relatar sobre o conhecimento e a conscientização quanto à saúde periodontal dos pacientes ortodônticos e investigar os efeitos da idade, atitude e duração do tratamento sobre a conscientização da saúde periodontal entre esses pacientes. Métodos: um total de 297 pacientes foi incluído nesse estudo (90 homens e 207 mulheres), com idade média de 17,7±5,0 anos (maiores de 18 anos = 119, iguais ou menores de 18 anos = 178). Os indivíduos estavam usando aparelhos ortodônticos fixos nas arcadas superior e inferior por um período médio de 12,55±10,86 meses (18 meses ou menos = 231, mais de 18 meses = 66). Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável (características demográficas, conscientização com relação à saúde periodontal, conhecimento periodontal entre os pacientes ortodônticos e a atitude dos pacientes com relação ao tratamento ortodôntico com relação à saúde periodontal) e exame clínico periodontal. Resultados: o conhecimento periodontal entre os pacientes ortodônticos foi pequeno com relação à placa bacteriana. Somente 24 indivíduos (8%) responderam corretamente às questões relacionadas ao conhecimento. Os pacientes ortodônticos adultos relataram uma atitude negativa quanto ao tratamento com aparelhos fixos, com relação à saúde periodontal (p<0,001). A duração do tratamento afetou negativamente a atitude dos indivíduos com relação ao tratamento com aparelhos fixos (p<0,01). A maioria dos indivíduos estava no nível mais alto do grupo conscientização (64%). A conscientização dos pacientes ortodônticos com relação à sua saúde periodontal durante o tratamento ortodôntico com aparelhos fixos foi afetada pelos escores da atitude (p=0,005), pelo número de dentes com retração gengival (p=0.041), Índice Gengival (p=0,000), duração do tratamento (p=0,047) e idade (p=0,008). Conclusões: o conhecimento sobre a saúde periodontal entre os pacientes foi pequeno. A conscientização dos pacientes quanto à sua saúde periodontal foi moderada e foi afetada pela idade, atitude e duração do tratamento ortodôntico.

Comparing the periodontal clinical effect between conventional and self-ligating brackets: systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: orthodontists constantly seek to reduce the duration of their provided treatments and the patient's time in the office. for this reason, different bracket systems are currently used in orthodontics; an example is self-ligating brackets (SLB) which are believed to offer advantages over conventional brackets (CB). objective: to evaluate and compare the clinical periodontal effect of CB and SLB through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. material and method: a search of the literature was carried out until December 2017, in the biomedical databases: PubMed, Embase, SciELO, ScienceDirect, SIGLE, LILACS, BBO, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. the selection criteria of the studies were defined as such: randomized clinical trials, up to 5 years old and that report the clinical effects (probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index and plaque index) from the use of CB and SLB. the risk of study bias was analyzed through the Cochrane Handbook of systematic reviews of interventions. results: the search strategy resulted in 12 articles, eight of which reported no difference in the reduction in probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index and plaque index (p>0.05) between CB and SLB. conclusion: the literature reviewed suggests that there are no differences in the periodontal clinical effect among patients who received orthodontic treatment with CB or SLB.

Dental Awareness Among Medical Professionals In Bengaluru:A Questionnaire Survey

Aim :To assess the awareness of oral hygiene, periodontal diseases and availability of treatment techniques among medical professionals. Materials and method: One hundred medical professionals were interviewed through a questionnaire . This was a KAP ( knowledge, attitude, practice ) study which included questions based on knowledge, attitude and practice towards periodontal awareness among medical professionals . Results and Conclusion : Apositive attitude towards dental and periodontal check and the treatment needs was observed among those questioned. However, inputs from this survey can be used to organize periodontal health programs and for planning of joint ventures.